God and the Philosopher Essay Example for Free

God and the Philosopher Essay Dynamic Rationalists are known to be incredible thinkers.â The train itself is worried about morals, what things exist and their fundamental natures, information, and logic.â Typically, when one is gotten some information about their convictions, the subject of God comes up. Regardless of whether God exist is the greatest and most extreme inquiry that individuals have ever posed. The subject of God is imperative to the philosopher.â He appreciates the thought of the subject. â€Å"Proofs of the presence of God† created in the course of recent years by various scholars. It is the establishment of most acquaintances with theory.  â â â â â â â â â â Does God exist?â The presence of God can be contrasted with space.â We realize that space doesn't have an ending.â God â€Å"has no start and no end.â He is eternal† (Cameron, 465).â Some individuals don’t have confidence in anything that isn't noticeable to the eye (Cameron, 471). The connection to God for most rationalists is the world.â Thomas Aquinas, a scholar, â€Å"specialized in the philosophical investigation of the idea of God and God’s connection to the world† (McCarty, 196). He alludes to Aristotle as â€Å"The Philosopher†; â€Å"Aquinas utilizes Aristotle’s accentuation on the significance of experimental proof to offer the formation of the world as verification for the presence of God as its cause† (McCarty, 197).â He considered the to be of the world as confirmation for the presence of God.â â€Å"In the starting God made the sky and the earth.â Now the earth was undefined and void, dimness was over the outside of the profound, and the Spirit of God was floating over the waters (Genesis 1:1-2).  â â â â â â â â â â The Big Bang Theory attempts to discredit the Genesis record of creation by expressing that the universe was framed from an explosion.â Usually a blast produces issue and disarray, not trees, blossoms, and creatures (Cameron, 418).â Also, all together for a blast to happen, there must be something present to detonate and a way to cause the explosion.â â€Å"You can't make something out of nothing† (Cameron, 419).  â â â â â â â â â â â€Å"Proofs of the presence of God† is a lot of contentions that were created in the course of recent years by various philosophers.â The reason for existing was to show that â€Å"there is, or exists, a vast, supreme, omniscient, considerate maker of the universe who passes by the name of God† (Wolff, 364).â The first and â€Å"philosophically weakest† evidence is the Argument from Design.â William Paley introduced his contention in his book â€Å"Natural Theology†.â He noticed that man-made items were intended to fill a need by its creator.  We can contrast this with the manifestations of nature, similar to the natural eye or the brain.â They are advanced and can't be duplicated.â The end is just God must be the â€Å"all-incredible Maker† (Wolff, 366).â The subsequent verification is the Cosmological Argument, which is offered by thirteenth-century Christian logician St. Thomas Aquinas.â His first contention is that a few things move in the world.â Secondly, there must be a first development to go before other movements.â A â€Å"first mover† must exist.â That â€Å"necessary being is God† (Wolff, 373). The last confirmation and â€Å"the generally celebrated, the most bewildering, the most silly and bothering philosophical contention of all time† is the Ontological Argument (Wolff, 378).â Saint Anselm expounds on this verification in his philosophical work the â€Å"Proslogion†. The idea of the presence of God depended on the possibility of the ideal being.â Nothing more noteworthy than God is incomprehensible (Wolff, 370).â Some rationalists, for example, Immanuel Kant, have shielded this evidence in the course of the last nine centuries.â On the other hand, it has likewise been dismissed by different scholars, for example, St. Thomas Aquinas, and asserted as invalid since it can't be demonstrated. Notwithstanding the Cosmological Argument, Aquinas contends his case utilizing five evidences of his own (McCarty, 197).â The primary verification is motion.â As with the Cosmological Argument, a â€Å"first mover† must exist to cause motion.â His subsequent confirmation is causation.â â€Å"The normal world holds together through a tight chain of circumstances and logical results relationships† (McCarty, 198).â For instance, downpour makes vegetation grow.â The third evidence is need/probability. Aquinas contended that all occasions either must be essential or possible.â â€Å"A Necessary Being must exist that completes the chance of the world as we probably am aware it† (McCarty, 199). The fourth verification is degree. Some normal creatures are further developed than others.â Humans are at the highest point of the transformative chain.â â â€Å"God has given him territory (authority) over all the creatures (Genesis 1:28) â€Å" (Cameron, 427).â This leads into the last evidence of governance.â Humans are mentally better than creatures and have need over them (Cameron, 427). This is a piece of God’s Order (McCarty, 200). Most contentions for the presence of God start with some reality about the world and the entirety of its segments and exercises (Morris, 243).â The subject of God is significant on the grounds that He is the foundation of any philosophical conversation. The Bible expresses that God is blessed (Psalm 99:9).â Webster’s meaning of sacred is â€Å"sanctified†, which intends to be liberated from wrongdoing. Morals is a major piece of theory. It grasps right lead and great life.â â€Å"Ethical direct is conduct that regards and supports truth, excellence, goodness, and solidarity, in our own lives, and in the lives of individuals we manage day to day† (Morris, 111).â Good individuals battle day by day to oppose allurements and weights that they would not consider to be legitimate behavior.â â€Å"A great individual is an individual who takes shots at the objective of human satisfaction and thriving for others just as himself† (Morris, 101).â On the other hand, there are individuals that don’t consider the results of their conduct. They act to fulfill their own childish needs (Morris, 111). Rationalists see the idea of ethical quality as a lot of numerous principles (Morris, 112).â The Bible records a considerable lot of them.â Exodus 20 in the Old Testament records The Ten Commandments.â The book of Leviticus contains numerous standards for work, venerating God, and neatness. Another part of ethical quality is The Golden Rule.â It states: â€Å"So in all things, do to others what you would have the do to you, for this summarizes the Law and the Prophets† (Matthew 7:12). At the end of the day, treats others, as you might want to be treated.â â€Å"It catches the principle disposition of a moral individual with respect to the effect of his activities on others† (Morris, 114). Taking everything into account, the presence of God is a connection for rationalists to the world. The subject of God is significant while talking about morals, ethical quality, and nature to twentieth century scholars just as thirteenth-century ones. References Cameron, Kirk, Comfort, Ray. (2004). The School of Biblical Evangelism.â Gainesville:â Bridge-Logos Publishers. Global Bible Society. (1984). The Holy Bible.â Grand Rapids:â Zondervan Publishing House. McCarty, Marietta. (2006). Minimal Big Minds:â Sharing Philosophy With Kids.â New York:â The Penguin Group. Morris, Tom. (1999). Reasoning For Dummies.â New York:â Wiley Publishing Company. Wolff, Robert Paul. (2000).â About Philosophy (8th).â â Upper Saddle River:â Prentice Hall.

MIC :: essays research papers fc

MIC      Products and machines made of steel have for some time been viewed as strong, solid, and truly tough. The impacts of general consumption, â€Å"rust†, were viewed as the main factor restricting a steel product’s capacity to keep going forever. It is felt that the general consumption of steel is conspicuous and its belongings are effortlessly constrained by the use of different coatings and paints. Just in later years have the damaging impacts of Microbiological Influenced Corrosion, â€Å"MIC† been found. Today MIC, regardless of whether it is on the base of a freight boat, in a water pipe, or in an atomic force plant’s cooling tower, has developed into a billion dollar issue. To fix this issue, I have made a gadget that clears MIC out of the bilges of freight ships worked on the Mississippi River framework. The bilges or bound void spaces have always been unable to be cleaned because of the amazingly close or difficult to reach zone in which you would need to work. I found that most canal boats have a covering on the steel which gives a food source that the MIC microscopic organisms assimilates (eats) and the bacteria’s coming about corrosive really can enter the steel scow. Organizations that clean these flatboats to free them of the MIC and the natural covering can charge as much as $10,000 to do only the parts of the bargains, which is a zone not exactly a tenth of the whole canal boat. The internal base void spaces which take up the rest of the barge’s territory are just 15† high, 27† wide, and 28’ long. A few freight boats have upwards of 90 of these kept spaces, and none of them have been cleaned in light of the fact that their constrained size makes them difficult to reach. With the culmination of my item it will be the first run through the inward base void spaces of a canal boat can be cleaned. This will mean the MIC and its food source, the natural covering; will be totally expelled from the freight ship just because since its unique development at the boat yard. For a long time, MIC was mistakenly distinguished as the destructive impacts of saltwater on steel in maritime vessels. Albeit salt absolutely has a destructive impact on steel, it was not until later years that the term MIC was begun, and its belongings are just beginning to be found. MIC is liable for the quickened consumption in maritime boats, water stockpiling tanks, fire assurance sprinkler frameworks, business and military airplane, and most as of late found influencing the inland waterway freight ship armada.

The Rise of Brands Essay -- Marketing Branding

â€Å"I additionally like Gmail, Giordano Natru †Dry shirts (my day by day â€Å"uniform†), Hewlett â€Packard PCs, Nokia E-arrangement telephones and Toyota. Also, am I the main individual who uses Google Chrome solely. On the off chance that I use items other than these, it’s not really the apocalypse. Yet, the bliss factor probably won't be that extraordinary †¦through time, one builds up a feeling of liking to one name, item or administration. Furthermore, subliminally you continue picking a similar brand or item again and again not so much on account of its name, but since of the affinity.† (â€Å"Are you Brand Conscious?† †J. Angelo Racoma.2009) Today, brands are an enormous advantage for the associations, while, for a shopper they are a madness. Brand cognizant buyers are a gold dig for associations, however marks were not constantly a need on the planet; there was a point in time when there were unbranded items, only a couple of brands and afterward with the blast of marking, it turned into a vogue. Marking has experienced tremendous change since the time it began till today. This exposition tries to investigate the ascent of marking throughout the years and the transformation of marking. It begins with the inception of marking and afterward investigates different periods in history and how marking has changed by the adjustment in conditions. The development of a brand is then depicted in understanding to how a brand receives different attributes over some undefined time frame. Resulting the development, marking in today’s age is investigated. Components, for example, â€Å"intellectual property,† â€Å"non benefit branding† and â€Å"online branding,† that are influenced by marking, are inspected. At long last, the eventual fate of brands and the duty of brands are talked about. HISTORY: The Beginning: The historical backdrop of marking can be tr... ... Pine, J and Gilmore, J. (1999) The Experience Economy, Boston, MA. : Harvard Business School Press. Racoma, J. Is it accurate to say that you are Brand Conscious? racoma.net. Weblog [Online] 16/07/2009. Accessible at: http://racoma.net/analysis/are-you-brand-cognizant/. (Gotten to: 10/12/2010). Slater. D and Tonkiss, F (2001) Market Society: Markets and Modern Social Theory. Cambridge: Polity. Swystun, J. (2006) The Brand Glossary, Gordonsville: Palgrave Macmillan. The Economist (2003) Brands and Branding, London: Economist Books. UNICEF, (2010) UNICEF Available at: http://www.unicef.org/corporate_partners/index_42735.html (Accessed: 27/12/2010) Warren, C, Facebook Marketing: IKEA’s Genius Use of Photo Tagging, Mashable, Weblog [Online] 25/11/2009. Accessible at: http://mashable.com/2009/11/25/facebook-promoting ikeas-virtuoso utilization of-photograph labeling/(Accessed: 03/01/2011).

The PA Personal Statement Workshop Sample Essay 2

In this second installment of my special week-long introductory session of thepersonal statement workshop, we are pulling essays submitted from the comments section through our free essay submission processand providing you, and our users, with a more thoroughanalysis of their essays. Thissecond submission is by Justine. It details her progression from an adolescent overcoming a heart condition to a pharmacy technician at the age of 19discoveringa love for medicine, a new-found focus in college and now, a desire to use her medicaltrainingto make a difference in the lives of others. We will present you with the original essay and then our suggestions. As always, use this as a guide to see where you can improve your writing, and respect the work of others.It should go without saying this is not yours, so dont plagiarize. Essay 2: I want to move towards the forefront of patient care. By: Justine I was sitting in the examination room of the cardiology office with tears slowly streaming down. My father could read the sign of disappointment on my face as the cardiologist briefly explains my EKG results with what seemed as indifference to my situation. At the age of 15 a cardiologist diagnosed me with a heart condition called as LownGanongLevine syndrome. However, The cardiologist was not completely certain as to the causation of my irregular heartbeat and referred me to a specialized cardiologist. Being an athletic girl who played soccer at an extremely competitive level I was perplexed as to why I was unexpectedly experiencing these alarming symptoms due to an irregular and very rapid heartbeat. Multiple procedures and four cardiologists later I was forced to retire from competitive soccer and left without answers. The most frustrating part of this entire process is what seemed as the lack of compassion and empathy from these doctors. I was left heartbroken with responses like Just stop playing soccer if thats when your heart bothers you and maybe you should find a new hobby. This feeling of disappointment from the insensitive doctors made me realize I want to be a person who provides admirable healthcare to patients in a caring way. Through my experiences and also investing time job shadowing a physician assistant (PA) and doctor have further solidified my desire to become a PA. A doctor and PA are both knowledgeable, but a PA is able to spend more quality time with the patient as opposed to a doctor who is on a strict schedule because their time is very valuable. This additional time allows the PA to interact with patient and gain the patients trust. When I was 19 years old I taught myself the foundation to medicine by becoming a certified and registered pharmacy technician. Over the past 6 years I have worked in various pharmacy settings ranging from retail to hospital positions. By excelling at my job and taking the extra steps to absorb as much knowledge as possible, I can interpret sigs on prescriptions, know which medications are used for specific therapies, understand how medications should be taken for optimum results, and fully grasp the process insurance companies use to cover medications. As a PA I will be able to exercise this information by providing accurate and speedy care. Knowing that a patient must first try Omeprazole before prescribing Nexium in order for the insurance company to cover Nexium allows the patient to quickly treat their GERD without wasting valuable time. Currently, I work for a company that provides medications, durable medical equipment, and skilled nursing and rehabilitative care to medically f ragile infants and children. We care for children that are genetically born with a defect, which impairs their ability to ingest or digest food. Others are born without congenital defects, but experience a traumatic event, such as a near drowning experience or tragic car accident, which leaves them with debilitated. I may not directly interact with these children on a daily basis, but seeing their faces light up when I do justifies all the care, precision, and hard work I put into my job. This gratification motivates me to further my career in the healthcare field and become a PA so that I am able to provide more direct patient care and see these smiling faces on a daily basis. Not only has my work experience proved that Im ready to dedicate myself toward becoming a PA, but my schoolwork has as well. When I first started college I can honestly say I wasnt mentally ready due to a lack of focus. I placed more emphasis on trivial things, like hanging out with my friends instead of studying. It was uncharacteristic of me to be failing classes, as I was the girl who graduated high school 23rd in a class of 900 students because of my 4.1 GPA. I lost sight of my goals in the beginning of college and soon realized my priorities. After my realization, I spent dramatically less time with my friends and more time with my books. Managing my time and taking the proper amount of time to prepare for my tests improved my grades. Although I adore being a pharmacy technician, it hasnt fulfilled my need for patient care. I want to participate more directly than I currently can, I want to be much more hands on. With that being said, I would like to step out of the background and move towards the forefront of patient care. I want to be the person with the proper skill sets and medical knowledge so that I can help others live a life of the highest quality possible. As a PA theres a choice of many career paths ranging from assisting in surgery to working in a pediatric office. Therefore, becoming a PA opens countless doors and opportunities for intellectual, personal, and professional growth, while simultaneously serving the needs of others. Becoming a PA is exactly the path for me. Suggestions and Revisions By: Sue Edmondson (The PA Essay Collaborative) A note toJustine, If there's anything positive to say about your diagnosis at age 15 is the tremendous insight it gave you about the medical profession. You're smart to open your essay that way. The other things you write about are good, too. It's important to explain why your grades weren't great, and to talk about your adult experiences. This is a very good start to your statement. I say good start because there are some issue. Some are grammatical, such as using past tense and present tense in the same few sentences and placing quotation marks inside of punctuation. Other examples writing the singular word doctor and then referring to the doctor as "their," and saying "foundation to" instead of "foundation of." Although these are fairly minor errors and very common, when I interviewed Admissions Directors and faculty, all said grammar errors could be fatal to the application. There are two ways to really make your essay shine. One is structure and the second is content. Structurally, you'd move the section about your shadowing experiences from the first paragraph to a new third paragraph. You'll have to change some of the way you've written your essay to make it work, but that's part of the process. As to content, you'd shorten your first paragraph (I'll show you below) and use the extra space to write about your shadowing experiences. You'll do this for two reasons. One, every person from admissions I spoke with said, "Keep your personal story short. A few sentences is enough." Secondly, you want to show your readers that you know what it takes to do the job, and then tie your skills to some of those requirements. I'm not talking about making a list of PA job duties, but rather to describe a case or an overview of what you learned by shadowing, and how some of your personal skills (not clinical as you've already done that when describing your pharmacy work) fit in with the profession. Take out the "therefore" in your conclusion. It takes away from the strength of your sentence. Here's the edited first paragraph, which is now two paragraphs. Notice that the first section is in present tense. It makes it real and compelling despite the lapse in time: I'm sitting in the examination room of the cardiology office with tears slowly streaming. My father could read the sign of disappointment on my face as the cardiologist briefly explains my EKG results with what seems as indifference to my situation. At the age of 15 I am diagnosed with a heart condition called as LownGanongLevine syndrome. Multiple procedures and four cardiologists later, I was forced to retire from competitive soccer and left without answers. The most frustrating part of this entire process was the lack of compassion and empathy from doctors who said, Just stop playing soccer if thats when your heart bothers you and Maybe you should find a new hobby." This insensitivity made me realize I want to be a person who provides admirable healthcare to patients in a caring way. Look at your essay and see where you have extra words. There are many of them. Cut ruthlessly to make your essay as concise as possible and focused on the essentials. Best of luck, Sue Edmondson Are you struggling to find the right words for your essay? Are you looking to give your personal statement a final "polish" before you hit send on your CASPA application? Do you need somebody to proofread your essay for spelling or grammar errors (the proverbial "nail in the coffin" when it comes to your essay)? Do you need help with a supplemental application? Don't wait any longer. We have interviewed PA school administrators from across the country to find out exactly what it is they are looking for in your personal statement. We work one-on-one with PA school applicants like yourself and customize your experience to fit your needs. We also have an excellent track record, i.e., our clients get into PA school. We are currently accepting essays in all iterations. We have flexible pricing and can do everything from a single one-time edit to a full-service review that will take you from beginning to a finished product. Click here to submit your essay or learn more about our service. Don't miss a post in this series! Are you enjoying this workshop? Before you go, make sure to sign up forautomatic updatesfrom the blog or subscribe with Feedly. And if you haven't already, sign up for my FREE email newsletter (down below) or connect with me on Facebook or Twitter. Ill definitely respond, and I look forward to meeting you! Cheers! - Stephen View all posts in this seriesHow to Write the Perfect Physician Assistant School Application EssayThe Physician Assistant Essay and Personal Statement CollaborativeDo You Recognize These 7 Common Mistakes in Your Personal Statement?7 Essays in 7 Days: PA Personal Statement Workshop: Essay 1, A PA Changed My LifePA Personal Statement Workshop: Essay 2, I Want to Move Towards the Forefront of Patient CarePA Personal Statement Workshop: Essay 3, She Smiled, Said Gracias! and Gave me a Big HugPA Personal Statement Workshop: Essay 4, I Have Gained so Much Experience by Working With PatientsPA Personal Statement Workshop: Essay 5, Then Reach, my Son, and Lift Your People up With YouPA Personal Statement Workshop: Essay 6, That First Day in Surgery was the First Day of the Rest of my LifePA Personal Statement Workshop: Essay 7, I Want to Take People From Dying to Living, I Want to Get Them Down From the Cliff.Physician Assistant Personal Statement Workshop: To say I was an accident-prone ch ild is an understatement9 Simple Steps to Avoid Silly Spelling and Grammar Goofs in Your PA School Personel Statement5 Tips to Get you Started on Your Personal Essay (and why you should do it now)How to Write Your Physician Assistant Personal Statement The Book!How to Write Physician Assistant The PA Grammar Guide101 PA School Admissions Essays: The Book!5 Things Ive Learned Going Into My Fourth Physician Assistant Application Cycle7 Tips for Addressing Shortcomings in Your PA School Personal StatementThe #1 Mistake PRE-PAs Make on Their Personal StatementThe Ultimate PA School Personal Statement Starter KitThe Ultimate Guide to CASPA Character and Space Limits10 Questions Every PA School Personal Statement Must Answer5 PA School Essays That Got These Pre-PAs Accepted Into PA School7 Questions to Ask Yourself While Writing Your PA School Personal Statement101 PA School Applicants Answer: Whats Your Greatest Strength? You may also like -7 Essays in 7 Days: PA Personal Statement Workshop: Essay 1, A PA Changed My Life In this special week-long introductory session of thepersonal statement workshop, we are pulling essays submitted from the comments section through our free essay submission process and providing you, and our users, with a more []5 PA School Essays That Got These Pre-PAs Accepted Into PA School Ever wonder what PA school admissions directors are really looking for in a winning PA school essay? Have you been searching the internet and physician assistant forums for samples of PA school applicant essays for []PA Personal Statement Workshop: Essay 5, Then Reach, my Son, and Lift Your People up With You In this fifth installment of our special week-long personal statement workshop, we continue to pull essays submitted from the comments section through our free essay submission processand provide you, and our users, with a more []

The California Gold Rush Impact on California - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3174 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Gold Rush Essay Did you like this example? At a saw-mill owned by Swiss immigrant General John A. Sutter, gold was discovered by James Marshall in January 1848.   Unsure of what he had found at first, Marshall conducted some rudimentary tests on the material, which included biting it and hitting it with a hammer (Historical Impact of the California Gold Rush).   When the appearance of the discovery did not change, Marshall confirmed it was gold and notified General Sutter.   Sutter swore all of his employees to secrecy because he sensed that the discovery would negatively impact his plans of building a saw-mill and bring squatters to his property.   The secret did get out, though, and news slowly spread throughout the region and eventually the world.   Beginning in 1849, hundreds of thousands would make their way to California in search of their piece of fortune within the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and on Sutters land, just as he had feared.   Some would strike it rich, but most would not.  . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The California Gold Rush Impact on California" essay for you Create order The gold rush would forever impact the development and environment of California in both positive and negative ways.The first people that arrived in the gold fields came from California.   As the news spread around the region, inhabitants scrambled to the reach the mines first.   Newspapers in San Francisco, including the Californian and the California Star, were shut down when editors and typesetters left for the land of gold (Bieber, 10).   San Francisco emptied out as people of all classes caught gold fever and headed for the diggings.   School teachers, mechanics, physicians, lawyers, tailors, clergyman, laborers, merchants, teamsters, cooks, gamblers, women and children, old men, and merchant vessel crews that came into harbor: all heeded the pull of possible wealth.   It is estimated that by the latter part of June 1848, the population of San Francisco had fallen to well under a hundred people (Bieber, 10).This mania caused similar scenes of towns emptying of resident s in Sonoma, Benica, San Jose, Santa Cruz, and Monterey.   The southern California towns of Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, and San Diego were also affected.   The whole region was left in a like manner.   Ranches were either deserted or left with women attendants; wheat remained unharvested; mills stood idle; buildings were left partially finished; and cattle and horses roamed at will in uncut fields of grain (Bieber, 11).   The whole territory had succumbed to gold mania.   Migrants and immigrants came to California to stake their claims once the news spread to the East.   They came from within America as gold mania penetrated into every part of the country and among all classes of the population from the Atlantic seaboard to the Mississippi Valley (Bieber, 22). They came from around the world: China, France, England, Mexico, Ireland, Germany, Chile, and other countries (Clay and Jones, 1005).  Ã‚   There were several different routes that could be taken to reach the gold fields of California.   A traveler could book passage on a ship and sail around Cape Horn and up to the western coastline.   Or a traveler could sail to Panama, cross the jungle on a horse or mule, then catch a boat to California.   Most travelers chose to come by the overland trail that cut across the American nation and through the Sierra Mountains and down into the territory.   Whatever method a traveler decided to take, the destination was the same for all: the gold rich territory of California. This massive migration to seek gold produced a radical culture transformation in California.   What had been a sparsely populated area consisting of trappers, Native Americans, and Mexicans – became a culturally diverse land.   The people that came from around the world in search of wealth brought with them their own beliefs, languages, cultures, foods, clothing, and entertainment.   The areas way of life that had existed was forever changed. It was determined that the gold to be mined existed in a 100 mile long, 20 mile wide area.   This area was inundated with those who wanted to find their fortune.   Mining practices started out in the traditional way.   When those who were interested in mining arrived in California, they came with three tools to aid them: a pick, a shovel or spade, and a pan (Turrill).   The pan was made of sheet iron with a diameter of twelve inches and six inch high sides.   It was the simplest device used to separate gold from the soil in which it was found.   As time went on, more efficient methods of gold extraction were developed and the pan phased out of general mining use and was used for the purposes of prospecting instead. As the miners and their families came to California, new settlements were being established especially in the Mother Lode district of Amador and Calaveras counties (Raup, 654).   This led to boomtowns popping up throughout the state.   Rapid economic growth and prosperity, along with the building of churches, railroads, and banks to accommodate all of the newcomers to the area were necessities of these boomtowns.   It seemed like overnight that the area was transformed from a sparsely populated region to a territory. This amazing increase in population allowed California to become the 31st state in 1850, only a few years after it was ceded from Mexico, and thus allowed for further western expansion in the United States. The influx of this amount of people in such a short time frame, placed a huge toll on the food supply in California.   Outside suppliers were needed to keep up with the demands.   There were primary and secondary regions that started supplying food to the increased population.   These regions benefited greatly by their new task.   The secondary sources of food supply included: Chile, China, Peru, Australia, New York, and Britain.   Australia provided wheat and flour; Chile and Peru sent potatoes, wheat, and flour; Texans and Utah residents drove cattle and hogs to the mines; the Eastern United States sent dried fish, liquor, and other processed products; and China supplied rice, fish, and tea (Dilsaver, 38).   The Primary regions included the kingdom of Hawaii, the Oregon territory, and some areas of California itself.  Ã‚   These regions were closer so they were able to supply a greater proportion and a greater diversity of foodstuffs (Dilsaver, 38).   Hawaii supplied coffee, sugar, fruits, vegetables, and butter.   It remained the principle supplier of these foods until Oregon stepped in and took over due to the inconsistency of supply and demand that Hawaii suffered.   Oregon started supplying apples, vegetables, beef, potatoes and flour in 1851.   Within a few years, the California agricultural economy had risen enough to meet the needs of the people so the importing of foodstuffs from other areas decreased. Some of those that came to California, tried their hand at farming and fruit growing instead of in the mines.   They found that California had a great environment for growing food and it was more beneficial to their bank accounts then mining.   Miners-turned farmers transformed the bottomlands along Californias rivers by clearing and planting vegetables and barley.   They also constructed dairy farms to meet the needs of residents.   Fruit trees were planted and vast orchards were established which also turned a huge profit.   Many of these men turned quick profits and settled into the business of farming.   They grew fruits including: apples, oranges, peaches, plums, cherries, and figs.   Some of them grew vegetables, including: squash, corn, carrots, and potatoes.   Soon they had contracts with the mines and were growing and selling their produce for a hefty sum more than they could have made in the gold fields mining. Enterprising new comers from Europe, took advantage of the states favorable climate and started satisfying the demands for wine among the settlements (Historical Impact of the California Gold Rush).   One of these immigrants, Agoston Haraszthy from Hungary, planted a dozen of varieties of grapes from Europe as well as new strains, and became known as the father of the California wine industry.   Miners may have liked their whiskey, but they had also developed a taste for wine.   Wine makers planted orchards and vineyards, and were soon making enough wine to not only supply residents, but to also export to other countries.   They found their wealth and enterprise in the green gold that California offered. Merchants and traders saw their chance to get a piece of the wealth as well.   Shops were opened for commerce.   The port of San Francisco became more developed.   There was an increased need for lumber production, flour mills, clothing and textiles, and the leather industry.   All of these industries experienced significant growth. People who came to the state during the gold rush soon realized they could earn more money by providing goods and services to the miners then actually mining for gold.   Some of todays most recognizable brands got their start in California during the gold rush era. Henry Wells and William Fargo saw their opportunity to provide financial services and created a bank, Wells Fargo Co.   A German immigrant by the name of Levi Strauss saw the miners need for sturdy clothing and created canvas pants that could withstand the punishing hours in the gold mines.   Even famed American author Mark Twain had come to California with his brother in search of gold, but found greater success as a newspaper reporter for the San Francisco Call. The majority of people that came to California, though, came to mine gold.   It should be mentioned, that not all of them who came were independent entrepreneurs.   A large number of the African Americans, Chinese, and Mexicans that came to work in the mines came as slaves or unfree laborers giving the mines advantages.   The white Americans believed it was their right because of Manifest Destiny to expel foreigners from the gold diggings and to take over the mining areas.   This led to hostility and violence.   The minorities suffered, not only from this, but also from extra-legal forms of violence.   Foreign miners tax measures of $20 a month were imposed by the state legislature in 1850, which put a financial hardship on them and caused about 10,000 Mexicans to leave the mining districts and return to their homeland.   This tax was later repealed in 1851, when American merchants who had lost customers complained. The types of gold mines that could be found in California consisted of placer or quartz mines.   Placer mines were when the gold was imbedded in clay, sand, and gravel.   Areas of gold could be found in ravine gulches, shallow flats, sand bars in rivers, within hills and deep flats.   Quartz mines were when the gold was encased within rock.   Chemicals such as mercury were used to agglomerate the gold.   As the gold rush era moved forward, new methods to attain the precious metal were developed. There were different operative classifications for working these mines.   Sluice claims were (just as the name infers) worked with sluices.   Tunnel claims were when auriferous earth (rocks containing gold) was taken out of tunnels and then washed.   Dry diggings were when earth was excavated in summer and then washed in the winter, when there was more water available to use.   Dry washing was when the fine soil was blown away, leaving the heavier gold behind.   Knife claims were when the miner dug the gold from crevices with a knife or sometimes a spoon.   Hydraulic claims were worked by hydraulic power. In early 1852, the miners of the Sierra foothills were looking for another mode of obtaining gold quickly.   Many of them had made money by picking the gold from crevices with knives and spoons, but this could no longer be done.   The earth near the water had been mined over with pans or rocker boxes.   Sluice boxes had been used for the earth away from the water, but that mode of mining had ceased to make rich returns.   Miners also discovered that the very valuable gold deposits were to be found deeper than those which they could easily reach from tunnels and shafts.   A new method to extract the gold was developed in 1853 and changed California gold mining and the landscape forever. In March 1853, Edward Matteson, a miner from Connecticut, and his partners fashioned a metal funnel to the end of a canvas hose.   They pumped water through it and pointed the hose at the hillside from which they were trying to extract gold.   The water came out with a surprising amount of force.   The hillside was quickly turned into a pile of gravel and provided a huge mass of pay dirt for the miners to sift through and separate the gold from.   Thus, hydraulic mining was born. The new technique of hydraulic mining caught on fast.   The roar of water hoses and crumbling hillsides could be heard throughout the mining district of the Sierra Mountains.   This method of mining required millions of gallons of water to be productive.   Dammed streams and complex systems of ditches and wooden flumes were built to direct the water to the mining areas.   By 1859, 5726 miles of aqueducts ran through the mining region (Impact on Californias Landscape).   The profits from hydraulic mining were numerous and the state of Californias economy boomed.   But this new-found method of mining left its mark on more than just the economy.   The landscape of the Sierra Mountain mining district was changed drastically by hydraulic mining and the effects it had on the rivers, streams, and agricultural land in the surrounding areas was devastating.   When the gold was extracted and filtered through, a pile of lighter particles was left behind.   This included: sand, clay, larger rocks, and wood (Rawls and Orsi, 117).   These lighter particles would be washed downstream and clog the rivers and streams.   The greatest devastation caused by this byproduct of hydraulic mining happened in 1861.   In January 1861, the region was hit with a warm spell that brought heavy rains and caused the snowdrifts of the upper Sierras to melt and run down the canyons.   The rivers and streams swelled with flood water and over flowed the valley below.   The countryside was inundated with water, herds of cattle were drowned, and millions of yards of mud, silt, and dirt – known as slickens – was washed into the area.   When the flood water receded, eight foot drifts of silt were left in the area of Sacramento.   Riverside farms were buried in sand and thousands of fruit trees were wiped out.   The agricultural businesses, that were rivaling the mining industry in their contributions to the economy, were frustrated and began to challenge the legality of hydraulic mining and fight for laws to protect themselves. With every new flood that rushed into the Sacramento Valley, the farmers would challenge the right of the mining companies to destroy the land through hydraulic mining.   By doing this they were challenging the near sacred institution that had built the foundation of Californias economy.   The farmers would occasionally win injunctions to halt hydraulic mining, but the miners would ignore the court rulings and continue to blast away the hillsides in search of gold.   The mining companies argued that they employed thousands of people and that the industry was worth far more than the farms and towns downstream from their mines.   The fight went on in court for 20 years, with the farmers eventually winning the battle against their best customers on January 7, 1884.   California state judge Lorenzo Sawyer finally ruled in favor of the farmers complaints and brought an official end to hydraulic mining.   Clandestine mining operations did not heed the ruling and proceeded to dump debris in the rivers and streams for the next 10 years.   The landscape of the Sacramento Valley was marred and left looking like it had been turned upside down and destroyed by giant moles. The gold rush era left other numerous effects as well.   One of which was the famed Pony Express.   It was created to send mail and parcels to the Midwest within a two week period by ponies.   This allowed some of those who came to California to bridge the great distance between them and their family members that were left behind. Environmental habitats and wildlife were changed by the gold rush era.   The increase of people moving into the wild country in the gold-rush days, first as prospectors, then as miners, finally as settlers, led to a massive reduction of habitats and wildlife.   Animal species such as: the grizzly bear, the sea otter, and the beaver, experienced a huge decline in number.   Elk were slaughtered to meet the demand for protein, but the near extinction of elk was caused by depletion of their habitat due to the spread of agriculture.   Grasslands were over-grazed by cattle.   Forests were cut down to meet the demands of housing.   There was no obvious concern for the environment or nature.   Anything that was in the way of the gold seeker or the farmer, was pushed aside or destroyed. There was an explosion of manufacturing and industry during the gold rush.   There was a high demand for mining machinery and hydraulic operations equipment that the residents of the state did not want to wait for these items had previously been shipped from the East coast.   The increased demand prompted newer, more immediate supply and manufacturing companies sprang up to meet those needs.   The state ranked sixteenth (by value of manufacturing output) among the 36 states and territories according to the 1850 census.   By the 1860 census, the manufacturing output of California had significantly risen and the state ranked seventh.   This rate of manufacturing growth was far faster than that of any other state. Another area that was affected by the haste to California was transportation.   With the fervor surrounding the gold rush, there was a transportation revolution.   The new wealth of the gold rush era created incentives for fast transportation and enterprising individuals quickly created an up-to-date transportation system (Rawls and Orsi, 250).   New roads, bridges, ferries, wagons, steamships, scows, and schooners were built to help prospectors reach California in record time.   San Francisco was chosen as the site for the transcontinental railroads western terminus, which linked the East coast to California by railroad for the first time.   The cost to travel across the country was close to $1000, but with the completion of the transcontinental railroad, the cost dropped to $150.   This revolutionized transport, commerce, and trade between the two coasts and all the areas the railroad stopped at in-between.   California quickly became the core of a new Pacific market. It is evident that the 1849 gold rush had both positive and negative effects on the development and the environment of California.   Prior to the gold rush, the area was sparsely populated and was a place where nature thrived.   During the gold rush, the environment was negatively altered by destructive mining processes: rivers were clogged with sediment, forests were ravaged to produce timber, biodiversity was compromised, and soil was polluted with harsh chemicals.   On the other hand, the gold rush also created a positive impact on the industry, agricultural development, and economic growth of California.   Visionaries, adventurers, and drifters from all over the world were drawn to the land that was rich with gold and personified much of what came to be known as the American Dream.   All of these factors combined, have made California the culturally diverse, economic powerhouse that it is today.

Terrorism in Southeast Asia - 17760 Words

Terrorism in Southeast Asia Bruce Vaughn, Coordinator Specialist in Asian Affairs Emma Chanlett-Avery Specialist in Asian Affairs Ben Dolven Section Research Manager Mark E. Manyin Specialist in Asian Affairs Michael F. Martin Analyst in Asian Trade and Finance Larry A. Niksch Specialist in Asian Affairs October 16, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL34194 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Terrorism in Southeast Asia Summary Since September 2001, the United States has increased focus on radical Islamist and terrorist groups in Southeast Asia, particularly those in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore. Southeast Asia has†¦show more content†¦The report looks at the rise of Islamist militancy and the JI network, and discusses terrorism in the region, concluding with options for U.S. policy. 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E-Business Applications Caltex Australia Pvt Ltd

Question: Discuss about theE-Business Applications for Caltex Australia Pvt Ltd. Answer: Introduction Caltex Australia started its operations in the year 1936. The company which began as the joint venture between the standard oil (California) which later named as Chevron Corporation and the Texas Company to sell out the oil in Saudi Arabia (Caltex, 2016). In 1968 the company was renamed as Caltex Petroleum Corporation. Caltex is the leading Oil provider company in Australia. The distribution structure of the company turns out to be the biggest strength for the company. The Company belongs to the oil and gas industry. It trades mainly in three products they are (Caltex 2016): Fuels (Caltex 2016) Petrol - Caltex Vortex Premium 98, Caltex Vortex Premium 95 Diesel- Caltex Vortex Premium Diesel Autogas (Caltex 2016) Lubricants and motor oil (Caltex 2016) Caltex Star Mart which is the eatery store which consists of coffee, grocery items, Daily newspapers and magazines, Cold drinks, bread, milk and snacks (Engineering News 2016). Caltex Australia is not a company which is primarily built on the model of an E-commerce business rather e-business forms a part of the same Company wherein the customers have the access and convenience to buy the product (Engineering News 2016). E-Commerce Business Models Caltex Australia Pvt Ltd. Follows the model of the B2B and B2C. The company deals with the online as well as the offline refueling of the fuels. Caltex provides the option of on-site refueling that provides the fuel and diesel direct to the site. The payment can be made with the help of the card wherein the customer has to scan the barcode and pay the sum instantly (Caltex 2016). Ease of Use of the E-Business Business owners and consumers buy online because the online stores give a sort of relaxation to the consumers (Huang and Benyoucef 2013). If the business owner is planning to start his own online business, there are certain advantages that the online business provides to him (Huang and Benyoucef 2013). Customers can purchase the product at any time. Easy delivery of the product The transactions made by the customers are safe The customers can purchase the goods at any time. E-Commerce Applications Currently used The company uses several Applications (Caltex 2016): Online Marketing: The company uses online marketing where the company has an online portal where customers can transact and order their products online. Offline Marketing: The company uses offline market where the customers can visit the stores and service stations and make use of the product. E-Commerce Supply Chain Management The companys Supply chain management is considered to be the vital business process for the smooth flow of products from the supplier to the end user in the value chain. Directly or indirectly it includes all the party include in fulfilling the request entered by the customer. Every stage in the supply chain management pertains to the flow of the information related to products, information and the cost (Chambers and Chambers 2016). The Caltex National Truck Networks referred as NTN which consists of 200 truck sites in and around Australia which provides the company with the cost of fuels which results in less investment on operating cost and with this the fleet efficiency gets improved (Caltex 2016). Benefits provided by the fleet efficiency: the products are delivered on time to the end users and the operating cost of the company gets reduced. The company offers greater fuel discounts to the users who are located in the NTN area (Caltex 2016). E-Commerce Security Strategy With the online marketing and transactions need to be secured. The company provides StarCard, StarFleet, StarFleet Plus, StarCard Debit and StarCash cards with the help of which the customers can pay for the every purchase they make. There are several features that are attached with each and every card (Caltex 2016). StarCard: With StarCard the customers can save 6 cents on purchase of every litre of Vortex Premium fuels which includes vortex 95, vortex98 and vortex premium diesel this offer is provided to the customers for only first six months and after that customers can save 2 cents per litre on every purchase made by the card. The card monthly fee is $3.95 (Caltex 2016). The account can be maintained online. The pin secures the card (Caltex 2016). The card can be used in 2000 fuel outlets (Caltex 2016). StarFleet: The card can be used in more than 3500 fuel outlets. The card holder can save 2 cents on every litre of the diesel purchased. The card monthly fee is $5.95 (Caltex 2016). The statement and billing of the card can be done online. The cardholder can set the purchase limits on the card (Caltex 2016). StarFleet Plus: The cardholder provides the benefits of both the StarFleet and StarCard and the card can be used in over 3500 outlets (Caltex 2016). StarCard Debit: The card can be used with full pin security. The customers can save up to 4 cents on every purchase he/she makes on vortex premium fuels and on every purchase of diesel or fuel the card gives the cardholder to save 2 cents (Caltex 2016). Star Cash: Star Cash are the cards which provide the employees and the card holders with certain gift vouchers and coupons (Caltex 2016). The company provides the e-commerce security in the form of maintaining the own account of the customers with the help of the Username and password. The cards are password protected and no data are shared in public (Caltex 2016). E-Commerce Marketing Strategy The company has invested in the retail and the terminal sites. Caltex will help the local businesses to manage the supply of the product more efficiently so that they can meet the growing demand for the petrol and diesel. The company invests largely on the supply and retail infrastructure (Engineering News 2016). Caltex is also improving the road safety for the transportation purposes. The company largely invests in making of the pumping equipment and installing new pipes. In 2004 the company started a joint venture with the Woolworths petrol which currently provides the customers with the Caltex fuels around Australia (Woolworths Online 2016). The company is also planning to enhance its expansion project and expand in Thailand with the help of the retailers and the investors Caltex is making strategies to expand its operations in Bangkok. Chevron has opened 23 new service stations for Caltex and these websites would increase in number by the year 2015 and there would be 370 such new sites which will be opening way for Caltex (Engineering News 2016). The supply chain of e-commerce can be divided into two segments: firstly, the procurement, where the customers are buying goods and services with the help of the electronic media and the second is e-commerce where the customers can transact, buy goods and services (Caltex 2016). The Caltex Online Business provides access to several services that the company provides to its customers. These includes The inquiries related to accounts, reprint of the invoices, the summaries of the transactions, promotions, newsletters and many other. The online business of Caltex is not efficiently marketed (Engineering News 2016). IT Architecture The IT Architecture composes of three components (Taylor et al. 2014): The internet, The firewall and the Business. The internet will help the customers to choose the products of his choice. The firewall will provide the protection against the harm that the technologies and people can provide with the data provided on the internet and the business that will provide the customer with the product in return the customer will get the product (Taylor et al. 2014). Recommendations As compare to its competitors, Caltex Australia can build an online site where customers can buy goods and services with the help of a click (Financial Review 2016). The company can take the help of the various marketing strategies which will result in the demand for the product to shoot up and directly would result in increase of the revenue. The company can take use of the search engine optimization (SEO) with the help of SEO the Google site will navigate the keywords entered by the customers and show the results on the top this would assist in making a business successful. The company can start with the email marketing where the customers will get updated about the companys new venture and the plans of expansion. The social media can turn up to be the best platforms to make business success, making of Facebook pages and insisting the customers to like the page businesses can also make their business visible on Instagram. Caltex Eatery store can also start an e-portal and the in-house delivery which will help the company to make profit Conclusion Today's offline business tends to go online with the help of the portal because customers want the products at their convenience. In this new era businesses should adopt new strategies and technologies to make their business success. With the help of the internet and e-commerce the possibilities for the new opportunities have become endless for the customers and businesses both. The companies with the help of the internet can sell their products. Many companies have started transacting and selling electronically. There are no barriers for the company to enter into the electronic segment. On the other hand, the e-markets are competitive in nature. Reference https://www.emarketer.com/Article/Australian-Retail-Ecommerce-Sales-Top-10-Billion-2015/1011823 https://www.emarketer.com/Article/Australian-Retail-Ecommerce-Sales-Top-10-Billion-2015/1011823 https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/caltex-australia-to-distribute-chevron-premium-base-oils-in-australia-2016-08-25/rep_id:4136 https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/caltex-bets-on-retail-strategy-as-petrol-demand-peaks/news-story/61be9154eea07290cc6bc38ae19f4a2c https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB933741426574017706 https://www.caltex.com.au/our-company/media-releases/caltex-investment-to-boost-victorian-fuel-supply-reliability https://www.caltex.com.au/our-solutions/fuel-cards https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/loyalty-news-update-jono-carroll https://www.woolworths.com.au/Shop/Discover/petrol Huang, Z. and Benyoucef, M., 2013. From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,12(4), pp.246-259. Taylor, I.J., Deelman, E., Gannon, D.B. and Shields, M., 2014.Workflows for e-Science: scientific workflows for grids. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated. https://www.afr.com/street-talk/waiting-on-convenience-to-freeup-caltex-australias-hip-pocket-20160521-gp0rp3