ENVM510_M4GradedAssign Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ENVM510_M4GradedAssign - Assignment Example ned the type of study the next big question is the determination of the study design that has to be employed when carrying out this research on the effects of the antibiotics on patients. The most appropriate study design that will be used when carrying out the research work is the randomized controlled trial (Simon, 2013). The randomized controlled research trail offers an opportunity to carry out experiments that are specific in nature. This is more especially when carrying out clinical trials. Since the objective of the research study is to reduce the level of infections on patients whenever antibiotics are administered on them before surgery, it is therefore prudent that the efficacy of these antibiotics is determined through carrying out of a research study. A randomized controlled trail is therefore the most appropriate research design that should be used whenever the efficacy of a drug is being determined during clinical research experiments. The randomized controlled research trial will also give the researcher an opportunity to collect information regarding the effects of the antibiotics administered (Meinert, 2012). The information gathered may be on the adverse effects of the antibiotics or even the manner in which the patients react to them in general. Either, this study design gives the researcher an opportunity to categorize his patients so that different groups are given different types of antibiotics under similar controlled environment with their effects and efficacy on the patients being determined. The randomized controlled trial is the best research design to employ in this research study. After carrying out a research study on the efficacy of various antibiotics on patients before they undergo surgery for over fifteen years, a new challenge arises of an infection that is resistant to the various antibiotics that have been under study all through. Such a scenario poses a new challenge and threat to the already carried out research work thus

Laws, tactics and imprisonment surrending cyber crimes in the UK Literature review

Laws, tactics and imprisonment surrending cyber crimes in the UK - Literature review Example Initially, the Act contained the three criminal offences of unauthorised access to computer and computer material, illegal; access with intent to commit and/or facilitate the commission of further offences and unauthorised modification of computer material. Later, in 2006, the Police and Criminal Justice Act amended the Computer Misuse Act. This amendment added a new section dealing with the offences of making, supplying and obtaining articles for use in computer misuse. To make the Act more effective, there is a proposal for the Act to be amended to target hackers that instigate serious attacks on computers on critical infrastructure with life imprisonment. This Act details all the offences associated with hacking and all the malware used in breaching computer systems. Regrettably, the Act is not encompassing enough to deal with cyber attacks that threaten national security. Currently, it addresses issues of unauthorised access to computer material or another persons user ID and password and further crimes upon gaining unauthorised entry into another person’s computer (www.gov.uk, 2014b). In this context, the Act addresses crimes such as stealing money or data and information from another’s computer system, spreading viruses and deleting files (Brenner, 2007). The maximum sentence for these offences is ten years. Fortunately, the Queen proposed the Serious Crime Bill, which will add a new offence of unauthorised acts causing serious damage in the Computer Misuse Act. The new offence encompasses more heinous cyber attacks on sensitive and essential systems of power supply, communications, and food or fuel distribution. Also addressed in the proposed Act are cyber crimes that would result in loss of life, social disruption or damage to the economy, environment or national security and serious injury (Brenner, 2007). The proposed Act’s